Tuesday, March 19, 2024

Published by: EduTarbiyah


Open Mind and Broad Mind: The Personality Traits

Abrar Hussain

International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan.

Email: abrarhussain0307@gmail.com

Introduction

The traits and characteristics that aid in the behavior and uniqueness of a person are referred as a person’s personality. Personality has its influence in every aspect of life. Among other traits in a person’s behavior openness is consider top of them. A similar term “broad mind” is often used interchangeably with the open mind person, although there is a difference between the two. An open minded-person is described by their acceptance of other’s opinions and arguments. By nature, the open mind persons are creative, intelligent, and have the power of patience. While broad mind person means a person having an open mind and a diversity of tolerance. Collectively both of these are important for a person’s growth especially, for their professional grooming. But, most of people misuse these words by describing a character that is directly related to the way of talking and body moments. This is why it is important to understand these two terms and describe their natural potential.

Open-minded person in reality are the real changers and can bring changes not only in their own traits but also in the society and even in the whole world. If a person has to accept other arguments, listen to them patiently, and respond in a better way it may create a difference in the decision. Such persons are empathetic to others even if they disagree with their opinions. But, most of the young generation negatively take the open-mind traits and describe any kind of foolish, fruitless, and idle action of a person. The same meaning is mostly used for the girls, indicating the girl’s immodesty, shamelessness, and impudence. The key possessions of open-mind persons include a non-judgmental attitude, seen both sides of an issue, creating opportunities, have love for adventures, and have curiosity for learning.

The comparative term is the broad mind person who, which in reality is a flexible, tolerant, and free-thinker person that have the potential to gain new ideas and concept in every situation. A broad-minded person has different characteristics, like, having more knowledge, being humble to others, thinking logically, accepting the other perspectives, being time conscious, honest, and using its own wisdom for a decision. In a general way, the broad term is extensively used during a final decision of an argument and when a person solve a problem by their wisdom. 

The characteristics of both of these traits are positive and near to nature, as they accept other arguments, thoughts, and beliefs. These qualities are considered important traits in a person’s life and help them to survive in a better way in society. Understanding the real spirit of these terms can remove the negativity and idleness which are associated with these traits. Being positive traits it is advised to all for its adaptations and real life implementations. Although, it is not acquired easily, but patience and practice can bring these traits to our personal growth.

 

The importance of open mindedness

An open mind individual having the prescribed characteristics are the real changer of any situations. As stated such persons have the potential to think logically and look on both side during an argument which make them a free thinker and a decision making person. In any kind of relationship such person can take care of their friends and try to solve the misconception of any matter. An open-mind persons have the potential to take a step that make a difference, these are not fearing about the consequences of a good decision. They also have to stand in the front of a wrong person with cruel or one sided decisions. The importance of open mindedness is even more important during relationship as they help to think logically and agree or disagree to other’s decision with confident and solid background. They help each individual to grow and provide an opportunity to others to make their own value and statements. It is the most important that being an open minded person one’s can also change their thoughts and assumptions.

The misconception of open-minded person

An open mind individual is considered a grooming personality that have a positive impact on the society and have the potential to change the existing value in the societies. But, as the term as more related to the personal characteristics like, patience, tolerance, acceptance, and open to accept the challenges, unfortunately, in the modern era the term is described more for a person’s action. This change in the paradigm can shift the real meaning into a wrong direction describing the bold steps and shameless behaviors.

Conclusion

Open mind and broad mind are the two key properties in a person’s personality development. A healthy and meaningful personality can be build when the real concept of broad mindedness is followed. This trait will not help an individual growth but also help to create multiple opportunities for others, develop rational thinking, tolerance to harsh behaviors, expand the knowledge, and more importantly to give values to others opinion in any circumstances.  


Wednesday, February 28, 2024


      

The Friendly Microbes: The Probiotics

Abrar Hussain

HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270 Pakistan (abrarhussain0307@gmail.com)

Published by: https://sindhbiotech.com/magazine/ 

Microorganisms are only seen with a microscope, which means that their presence in or on the body and everywhere can visualized only by a microscope and identified and chartered by different microbiological assays. The coverage of all aspects of these microbes are studied under the branch of natural science, microbiology. Ordinarily when someone hears the term microbe or microorganism, unintentionally the negative aspects of microbes are circulating in their minds. But, in reality the scenario is different, which means that not all microorganisms are pathogenic and harmful, but these are used in a huge application, even for the betterment of human, and thus create the concept of biotechnology, in which the microorganisms are used for the help of humanity. Think about the human microbiota (the collection of all microbes in or on the human body) which is 10 times more than the human body’s cells, and can add up to 2kg of weight and 60,000 genes. If all these microbes were supposed to be dangerous, what would have happened to humans? This thinking and the exclusive presence of microbes in the gut, give an idea that not all these microbes are dangerous, a large number of them are known as friendly or beneficial microbes, scientifically with certain characteristics, and are known as probiotics.  

The concept of probiotics was developed by a Nobel Laureate, Elie Metchnikoff in the early 20th century, for those microorganisms which have the ability to enhance the host’s life span. With time the term was defined by different scientists, WHO/FAO, and finally by the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP). Probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts can confer health benefit to a host. The probiotic science is growing rapidly which is shown by number of publications targeting the various features of probiotics. Although there are selection criteria that must be followed by a strain (probiotics is strain-dependent phenomena), but still their number is still increasing rapidly. Currently, seven genera of microorganisms are proposed for their probiotic potential. The most common genera are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium followed by Enterococcus. The genus Enterococcus has special properties like genome plasticity, and enterocins production (anti-bacterial substance), which make them fit in the probiotic category, as this genus is not included in Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status.

Which microorganisms are used as probiotics? There is guidelines proposed by European Food Safety Agency (EFSA), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and World Health Organization (WHO), which must be properly stated by the probiotic developer and manufacturer. The strain safety i.e. no virulence and antibiotic resistance genes etc. must be ensured, and the technical and biotechnological properties must be validated. The desired properties in probiotic microorganisms include tolerance to harsh conditions (gut and biotechnological process), free from virulence traits, no antibiotic-resistance genes, production of antimicrobial substances (bacteriocins), killing pathogens, adherence to the mucosal cells, and competition for binding in the gut. There are some properties of selection that are changing with specific applications and usage. The probiotic strain that are developed for human usage require more specific and safety evaluation. The different form of probiotics is also tested for their long-term storage and safety.

Why probiotics got high attention in the research community? The probiotics have a high number of health benefits that range from gut restoration potential to treatment of disease, and from biotechnological applications to food safety enhancement. As already stated these are friendly microorganisms which have an impact on their host, like they can enhance the immunity of the host, restore the gut dysbiosis (imbalance in the gut microbiota), exclude the enteric pathogens, produce bacteriocins, and secrete some metabolites. The more health benefits that are associated with probiotics are, the treatment of diseases, particularly digestive disorders, have anti-aging potential (Gerobiotics), effect on the psychological functions of the brain and mind (Psychobiotics), produce short-chain fatty acids, nitrous oxides, etc., eradicate the food-borne pathogens, enhance the food shelf life, give taste and aroma to the products, maintain the gut integrity, reduce stress and anxiety, helpful in the allergy treatment, and can boost the mood of an individual. Probiotics can also have a safe usage in pregnancy, and can enhance the testosterone level and sperm quality in males. Similarly, in aged people, the lose of memory and blurred vision like problems can also vanish with probiotics as they can help in the focus memory. Currently, extensive research is ongoing to enhance the existing potential of probiotic strains. Probiotics are also considered multifarious weapons for disease treatment and biotechnological applications.

How probiotics are transferred to the host and what are the different forms of probiotics? The probiotics are transferred to the host by various vehicles like yogurt, desserts, cheese, and juices. Each vehicle has its pros and cons, but commonly fermented milk and yogurt are used as delivery vehicles. The common forms of probiotics are tablets, capsules, powders, and liquids. Different form has both advantages and limitations like capsular form required no binder but ineffective in the upper GI tract. Similarly, the tablet form has the advantage of easy administration and effectiveness in the upper GT tract but require binders and has high cost.

How probiotics perform its action? When the probiotics enter to host by various means, they can perform their action through different mechanism. However, the general mechanism of action includes the enhancement of the epithelial cells barrier, promotion binding to mucosal cells, exclusion the enteric pathogens, production of bacteriocins, and immunomodulatory effects. Their action is mostly based on the expression of a particular molecule or secretion of different metabolites, while its effectiveness their related to their adherence and colonization potential.

How much probiotics are effective, or what is the dosage of effective probiotics? Being a strain-dependent nature the amount may vary with strains. Generally, 107 to 109 CFU/ml is recommended for effective usage. The probiotic product should be properly labeled like genus, species, strain, and identification number. Every year the probiotic concerned organization receives a large number of application, calming the potential of their identified probiotics but very less number are approved for animal and human usage, or as a food supplement.

What are the current trends in probiotics? Modern day technologies are opening new doors for applications. In probiotics, the concept of engineered probiotics got the attention. In this approach, the existing strains are edited with the desired properties. The extensive usage of the CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system in different applications is also applied in probiotics and hence, gives the birth of the CRISPR-biotcs. The attraction of the field is also fruitful as a large number of industries are taking an interest in the development of probiotic products. It is estimated that the total incremental growth in probiotics will be $ 31.28 billion from 2019-2024. This huge industry is now developed very well and can contribute to society.

In conclusion, the concept of friendly bacteria is applied practically and used in different applications like food, pharmaceuticals, industrial, biotechnological, and disease treatment. By definition, probiotics are live microorganisms which when taken in enough amounts confer the health benefit on the host. Probiotics have a pretty known beneficial effect and helping in various ways. The development of probiotics can change our idea about the negative affiliation of microbes when we talk about microorganisms. Recently, the field is growing fast and new ideas and concepts are developing with advanced functionalities.

References

1- Thursby, E., & Juge, N. (2017). Introduction to the human gut microbiota. The Biochemical journal, 474(11), 1823–1836. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160510

2-Gordon, S. (2016). Elie Metchnikoff, the Man and the Myth. 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443331

3-Sanders, M. E. (2008). Probiotics: Definition, Sources, Selection, and Uses. 46(Suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1086/523341

4-Hill, C., Guarner, F., Reid, G., Gibson, G. R., Merenstein, D. J., Pot, B., ... & Sanders, M. E. (2014). The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology, 11(8), 506-514.

5-Hussain, A., Akram, S., Ahmad, D. et al. Molecular Assessment and Validation of the Selected Enterococcal Strains as Probiotics. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6

6-Rychen, G., Aquilina, G., Azimonti, G., Bampidis, V., Bastos, M. D. L., Bories, G., Chesson, A., Cocconcelli, P. S., Kolar, B., Kouba, M., Marta, L., Flachowsky, G., Mantovani, A., Mayo, B., Ramos, F., Saarela, M., Villa, R. E., Wallace, R. J., Wester, P., Galobart, J. (2018). Guidance on the characterisation of microorganisms used as feed additives or as production organisms. 16(February), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5206

7-Morelli, Lorenzo PhD*; Capurso, Lucio MD†. FAO/WHO Guidelines on Probiotics: 10 Years Later. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 46():p S1-S2, October 2012. | DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318269fdd5

8-Hussain, Abrar. (2023). Health benefits of probiotics. Council for Scientific Approaches, Pakistan, https://www.csapakistan.com/2023/06/06/health-benefits-of-probiotics/

9-Khalighi, Amirreza & Behdani, Reza & Kouhestani, Shabnam. (2016). Probiotics: A Comprehensive Review of Their Classification, Mode of Action and Role in Human Nutrition. 10.5772/63646.

10-Hussain, A. (2022). Probiotics: Selection criteria and mechanism of action. Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 8(ISSN: 2472-1212), 9.

Sunday, January 28, 2024

Understanding the Basic and major Concepts in Islam

 https://aboutislam.net/blog/the-basic-and-major-concepts-in-islam/

The Basic and Major Concepts in Islam

Abrar Hussain

International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan. abrarhussain0307@gmail.com

Introduction

Islam is the true religion in the world which has the second largest followers. It is the religion of the world starting from the beginning and will be followed till the end. Due to its eternal nature and comprehensive guidelines, their basics faiths remain constant and not changed at any cost. It is one of the key reasons that attract the non-followers to follow and obey the rules and regulations. Here, some of these basics and key faiths/ concepts are described.

1- The concept of ALLAH 

ALLAH is the one and only creator of the universe. It is the basic faith in Islam that the follower must follow one and only ALLAH, and consider HIM the creator, the greatest, the largest, and the supreme power. According to the Qur’an ALLAH is one and not responsible for neither accountability nor anyone is like HIM. These concepts give the strength of power to the followers and exclude all those who claim ALLAH authority. The basic faiths about ALLAH include the following.

1-      ALLAH is one and only one

2-      ALLAH is the creator of the whole universe including humans

3-      HE has neither children nor parents

4-      HE is the supreme and omnipotent

5-      HE can do everything, nothing is impossible

6-      HE is the one to whom we will return

7-      ALLAH judge everyone equally

8-      ALLAH is transcendent (above and beyond anything that exists in the world)

9-      ALLAH is Immanent (close to every human and within all things on Earth)


2- The Concept of Messenger (Prophet) 

ALLAH has sent HIS messenger to righteously guide HIS servants to the straight path. These pious, innocent, chosen, and selected HUMANs are the messengers or prophets of ALLAH. The only mission of all these messengers is to convey the message of the ALLAH and guide them to the right way. Approximately one lakh and twenty-four thousand such messengers were sent for this mission, although about 25 names are mentioned in the Quran. Some important beliefs about messengers include these following.

1-                  These are humans

2-                  They were chosen by ALLAH

3-                  They were guided by ALLAH

4-                  They preach the Islam

5-                  They were specific for a specific area and time except Last prophet.

6-                  Some prophets have unique characters

7-                  They act as a role model for everyone

8-                  They reprimand the polytheist and atheist

9-                  All prophets were brave, generous, honest, perspicacious, and spiritual teachers

10-              Hazrat MUHAMAAD S.A.W. is the LAST prophet of ALLAH


3- The Concept of Angles 

Angles are the non-human creation of ALLAH which are created from light and every time pray to ALLAH. Belief in angle existence is a fundamental part of the Islamic faith. Angles are the amazing creators of ALLAH. In Quran and hadith, both give us thoughts about angles. The basic belief of a Muslim about angles include the following.

1-      These are created from light and perform ALLAH commands every time.

2-      These are innocent and sinless.

3-      They performed various works like conveying revelations, bringing rain to the earth, blowing the air, protecting the humans, recording our deeds, etc.

4-      They are different from human beings not having will like humans.

5-      They have no gender.

6-      Although the exact number is unknown, but four of them are noble and the main angles.

7-      The exact functions, duties, and role of all angles are known to ALLAH only.


4-The concept of Holy/Divine Books 

Islam, the true and eternal religion in the world has a comprehensive and complete guidance system for their followers. To follow the ALLAH commands correctly and righteously the ALLAH revealed a few books (four major books) to HIS messengers. All the messengers are the true reflectors, explanators, and preachers of these books. They convey the book’s messages to all the people in an effective way. Due to the ALLAH commands and orders to the followers, the Muslims have the following belief about these holy and divine books. These books are Zabur (Psalms) was sent to David (Dawud), Torah sent to Moses (Musa), Injeel (Gospel) sent to Jesus (Isa), and Quran sent to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

1-                  ALLAH revealed books for the guidance of their followers.

2-                  Four books are the main and major books.

3-                  All three books are not following now, only the Quran is following.

4-        The Quran is the complete code of life and contains all the comprehensive rules for human life.

5-                Only the Quran is still in its original state, no one can change even a single dot in the Quran.

6-                  ALLAH protected the Quran from any distortion and took this responsibility. 

7-                  The Quran is revealed in the Arabic language.

5-The concept of Qayama 

As mentioned earlier that everyone is responsible for his/her own deeds. It is also mentioned in the Quran that everyone should get the reward of their deeds. Therefore, it is important that all people are gathered and a correct system must require to give the rewards. In ISLAM the rewards of each’s deeds should be given on a specific day called Judgemental Day/ Resurrection Day or the day of Qayamat. Before that day there are some events that indicate the near time of Qayamat. Being the crucial part of Muslim belief, Muslim have the following thoughts about Qayamat.

1- The Qayamat has a specific time and it will come on that day.

2- All the people from the beginning to the end will be gathered.

3-On that day everyone should receive their proper rights, there will be no injustice.

4-On that day the Muslims will be successful and the infidels will be given hell fire.

5- The record of every person should be given to the respective persons.

6- Some events are already happened.

6-The concepts of right and wrong 

Any action a human can perform in this world me fall into two categories. In ISLAM as already documented, every man and women is responsible for their deeds, and according to their action the person will receive the reward on the day of Qayamat. In ISLAM the action will be right if it is according to ALLAH command and HIS prophet MUHAMMAD S.A.W.’s teaching. Morality is the key part of the rights action and Islam is strongly emphasize on the good characters. The basic thoughts of a Muslim about rights and wrongs include the following.

1-All actions which are according to ALLAH command are rights.

2-ISLAM have proper and defined boundaries of right and wrong.

3-Every individual should follow the Islamic principle of right and wrong or good and bad, instead of using their own concepts.

4-The person who’s done right things should receive a good reward and there will be hellfire for those who are doing wrong.

5- We are not free to do what comes in our mind or what we can do, is freely done.

7-The concept of Death 

It is a universal truth that every individual should taste death. Humans, animals, and other living things should die before the day of judgment. But, there is a difference in concept after the life of death. According to Muslim theology death is the beginning of a new life which is in the form of Heaven or hell. The basic thoughts about death are the following.

  1.     .Death is not the ending of our life, actually it is the beginning of a new life.
  2.       Every individual has a specific time which they are spending in this world.
  3.       Not only humans but all other things should be destroyed before the day of judgment.
  4.       After death every human should get their reward. i.e. good or bad.
  5.       Both life and death are according to the well of ALLAH.

Conclusion

The basic belief of a Muslim about ALLAH is HE is the one, superpower, eternal, and sent down many messengers to the earth for the guidance of mankind. The Muslims have the faith that he is responsible for their every deed and according to their deeds they will get the rewards i.e. heaven or hellfire. May ALLAH keep us the true followers of Islam.


Tuesday, January 9, 2024

Climate-Friendly Food and Agriculture

 https://www.theearthneedslove.com/2024/01/climate-friendly-food-and-agriculture.html

 

CLIMATE-FRIENDLY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Abrar Hussan

International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270 Pakistan (abrarhussain0307@gmail.com)

Introduction

Any long term change in temperature and weather of an area is known as climate change. The causes of climate changes may be natural or man-made. In the beginning of 19th century rapid industrialization take place which besides other activities also affect the climate of an area. For instance, burning of coal, fossil fuels and gases etc. can cause the climate change most probably by interrupting the air and change its composition. These sources i.e. burning of fossil fuels etc. can aid the green house effects which ultimately change the climate.

The potential of climate change is measure in term of their negative effects on all forms of lives. The disruption of balance ecosystem, change in weather patterns, increase in temperature, extensive flooding, melting of glaciers, and increase in the eruption of volcanic are the key consequences of climate change. All the aforementioned effects can lead to the negatively effects the human and other animal’s lives, enhance the death ratio, increase non-communicable diseases, and create the emergence of health issues. Agriculture sector is also at high risk from climate changes due to temperature changes, flooding, irregular rainfall, and longer or shorter drought seasons. All these situations can lead to affect the foods that are produced in that particular area.

Agriculture is one of the main sources of income in many countries around the globe. (In Pakistan 60% of the land is considered as agriculture land). They aid to the countries assets and improve the quality of life of the residents. Proper and fresh foods availability, verities of food items, and labour working etc. all are the benefits of agriculture sector. But unfortunately, some negative aspects like their contribution in climate change (production of different gases i.e. CO2, CH4, NO2 etc.), acidification of rain, eutrophication, residual of fertilizers, and waste of residual etc. are also associated with this sector. These problems are more emerged currently due to the use of advance agriculture techniques, which on one side enhance the productivity and required less time but on the other hand produce poisonous gases, and disrupt the ecosystem.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) for the Asia region declared that the geographical location of a country a can also associated with the climate change. Besides geographical location other factors like socioeconomic development, rapid industrialization, and lack of proper resources also contribute to the climate change.

Currently, the matter of climate change is of global concern different international and national organization are working for the prevention or to overcome the drastic effects of climate change, but there are more to be done. Therefore, the present article aimed to describe various environmental friendly methods that can help to reduce the climate change, but the demand of agriculture substances is not affected.

Eco-friendly system

The activities or products that cause limited destruction in the environment and have a sustainable factor are referring as eco-friendly substances or actions. The factor of sustainability and presentation of the available resources for future generation is the key property of eco-friendly and hence, it is separated from the term environmental friendly. Eco-friendly system is crucial for balancing of ecological, social, and economic value of any population. It also accounts for waste reduction, renewable energy, and sustainability of the long-term environmental factors.   

Sustainability and food system

Sustainability is a multidimensional concern, to which our food systems also attribute. The nature of clean and safe food is the basic right of any human and it is also our responsibility to save the food for future. The food conservation in the environments and its safe storage for future is the concern of global association and collaboration. Food system is comprised of a chain of steps ranging from cultivation in the fields to processes food on the table. As looking sample and linear chains, the food system is considered a complex and multifactorial process that required time, care, and patients. For any society it is necessary that there will be a steady and sustainability in the food chain, but this may also vary from place to place and also changes with time. Food chains indicate the overall status of an area in term of field potential, the agriculture land, and the socioeconomic status. Sustainable food can provide a healthy and fresh food for the consumers.

 

        Figure 1: Graphical illustration showing the pillars of sustainability

Agricultural impact on environment and climate

Agriculture is the important part of our life which helps to generate new crops and aid to the economic value of any country. Besides the importance and crucial part in our daily life, the agriculture sector also impact negative on our environment, mostly due to the operation and process associated with agriculture. Rigorous agricultural processes can harm the environment through fertilisation, irrigation, machinery and plant protection chemicals. Similarly, the agriculture waste and animal manure on burning can aid to the air pollution. Recently the impact of agriculture on climate change is recognized and got full attention. Different parts and constituents of agriculture can badly impact the climate. For instance, the soil ‘type, irrigation, chemicals, etc. can badly impact our surrounding. 

Importance of sustainable food

The aim of food is to remove the hunger and vanished the poverty. The sustainable foods have both of these properties with additional benefits of its safe nature to the environments. It also not affects the biodiversity of the area and covers the all aspects of the foods. Sustainable foods also help in the restoration of forest as they required less area for cultivation. The increasing in multiple diseases also provide a way to use sustainable foods as they provide more choices. The sustainable foods and agriculture must meet the required criteria for present and future generation, while ensuring the environmental protection. The basics of food security like access, availability, utilization and stability must be present in a food which are claimed to be sustainable. 

Examples of sustainable foods

Different foods are used as sustainable foods. Each food has its own importance that collectively helps to reduce their environmental impact. Food with good nutritional values and improved health like, cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and olive oil etc. have the least environmental effect. Some of the important sustainable foods are listed below.

Mushroom

Mushrooms belong to saprophytes that can help to decompose the remaining of an organism and obtained their energy. These also live in different association with their host and generally no chemical or pesticides etc. are used for their cultivation, and hence aid to the safe nature of the environments.

Corn
corn is extensively used in feed industries and considered as a sustainable food. Its demand is more in developing countries as they produce more feeds supplements. Their industrial applications make them parallel with petroleum and its demand is gradually increasing. Here, its importance is in term of environmental protection. It is identified that organic corns can produce less carbon footprint then non-organic. They also lack the production of pesticides and widely distributed in different soils.

Conclusion

The agriculture sector contributes huge to the socio-economic value of a country. Due to the current situations of climate changes, which effect the agriculture sector a lot, is of issue of interest. Following the green ways of agriculture by promoting the concept of sustainable foods, can reduce the effects on the land. Various types of foods are grown which have all the required properties of a foods, and also have the factor of sustainability. Such foods required less area and give more products. In conclusion, promoting the climate friendly or environmental friendly agriculture not only help to reduce the burden of negative complications but also help to give more products.


            My Journey Through Probiotic and Enterococcus Research: Insights from National and International Conferences   Introduction ...